What are headaches?

Headaches rank amongst the most common and frequent ailments. A headache is not a disease, but may be indicative of other underlying problems. Although common and generally not serious, headaches are common in about 50-75% of all teens. However, recurrent headaches can upset and worry an individual to a great extent. The most common types of headaches that people in their teens and early twenties have are tension headaches and migraines. In some cases these problems may require a visit to a medical provider.

Treatment of an uncomplicated headache is usually symptomatic with over-the-counter painkillers although, headaches like migraines may require specific treatment. The occurrence of migraine headache could also be the result of particular allergic triggers like stress or some unambiguous foods which should then be avoided.

There are three types of primary headaches: tension-type (muscular contraction headache), migraine (vascular headaches), and cluster. Cluster headaches are sharp, extremely painful headaches that tend to occur several times per day for months and then go away for a similar period of time.

Some other rare types of headaches include:

· Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (headache with visual symptoms due to raised intracranial pressure)

· Ictal headache

· Brain freeze (also known as: ice cream headache)

· Thunderclap headache

· Vascular headache

· Toxic headache

· Coital cephalalgia (also known as: sex headache)

· Hemicrania continua

· Rebound headache (also called medication overuse headache, abbreviated MOH)

· Red wine headache

· Spinal headache (or: post-dural puncture headaches) after lumbar puncture or related procedure that will lower the intracranial pressure

· Hangover (caused by heavy alcohol consumption)

What are the causes of headaches?

The vast majority of headaches are non-malignant and self-limiting. Some common causes of headaches are said to be tension, migraine, eye strain, dehydration, low blood sugar, hyper mastication and sinusitis. In addition, we have some very rare headaches that are a result of some life-threatening conditions like meningitis, encephalitis, cerebral aneurysms, exceptionally high blood pressure, and brain tumors. If head injury is the cause of a headache then the reason is usually quite evident. In women, a large percentage of headaches are caused by their ever-fluctuating estrogen levels during the menstrual years. This can occur prior to or mid-cycle.

If anyone over the age of 50 experiences a headache for the first time, a condition called temporal arthritis may be the cause. Headache symptoms include impaired vision and pain aggravated by chewing. Because, there is a risk of becoming blind, it needs to be promptly treated by a doctor.

Brain aneurysm, brain tumor, stroke or TIA, and brain infection like meningitis or encephalitis are some rare causes of headaches and can be serious.

What are tension headaches?

Often related to stress, depression, or anxiety, tension headaches are due to contraction of the muscles in the shoulders, neck, scalp, and jaw. Overwork, insomnia, missed meals, and use of alcohol and drugs can make one more vulnerable to headaches. Some foods can also trigger a headache including, chocolate, cheese, and monosodium glutamate (MSG), and flavor enhancers. A deviation from the usual fix of caffeine can also result in headaches.

Tension headaches can also result from performing an activity with the head held up in one position for a long time. This can generally happen from using a computer, microscope, or a typewriter, sleeping in a cold room or in an abnormal position, overexerting oneself, and clenching or grinding the teeth.

Tension headaches tend to occur on both sides of the head, often starting at the back of the head and spreading forward. The pain may range from a dull or squeezing ache to a feeling of a tight band or a vice around the head. The muscle tension generally begins in the shoulders, neck, or the jaw before it gradually extends to the head. Therefore, these areas also feel tight and sore.

Where does the pain during a headache occur?

Pain, during a headache, occurs in the tissues covering the brain, as well as in the muscles, network of nerves and blood vessels around the scalp, face, and neck. The brain itself is insensate to pain because it lacks nociceptors. Headaches often result from traction to or irritation of the meninges and blood vessels. Dura mater, the membrane surrounding the brain and the spinal cord, is innervated with nociceptors. Any kind of stimulation of these dural nociceptors is thought to produce headaches. Types of headaches are classified separately of which the three most common headaches are:

· Tension or muscle contraction headache

· Migraine headache

· Cluster headache

Apart from these types, it is not uncommon for some people to experience a combination of the above mentioned headache types.

What are migraine headaches?

A severe, recurrent headache that is generally accompanied by visual disturbance or nausea is a common symptom of a migraine headache. This type of headache tends to begin on one side of the head, although the pain may later spread to both sides. Migraine headache generally starts with an “aura” (warning symptoms before the actual onset of the headache) that is usually accompanied with a feeling of throbbing, pounding, or pulsating pain.



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One of the most common troubles faced by people of all age group is headache. Headache is the pain that humans suffer in the upper part above the upper neck and in the forehead that is above the eyes and the ears. Headaches can basically be classified in two parts as the primary headaches and secondary headaches. Primary headaches are those that do not relate any other disease like the tension headache, cluster headache or the migraine. Secondary headaches are those which are directly or indirectly related to some major or minor disease say for example headache due to blood plots in the head, high blood pressure, meningitis, head injury, cerebral aneurysms or encephalitis. Headache is called as cephalalgia in terms of medical. In the language of doctors the headache is of five types. The first one is vascular, second is the myogenic also called the muscle tension, the third is the cervicogenic, fourth is the traction and finally the inflammatory.

The most common of all headaches is the tension headache. More than 90% of people suffer from this kind due to stress and tension. It might be surprising but surveys and researches show that tension headache is more common in women as compared to men. The second most common headache is the migraine. The maximum victims of this kind are found in US. There is no specific age for migraine and it effects equally to both sexes before puberty. Cluster headache, the third kind of primary headache is seen mainly in men. It seems to be affecting in people lying under the age group of 28 to 32 years. Secondary headaches are the serious ones that may be the cause of any life threatening disease. Some common disease under this category are the brain tumors and strokes. Sudden stop or withdrawal from painkillers or some drug may also lead to secondary headache.

To treat and deal with troubles of headache it is very important to know the causes and symptoms of headache. If one knows the symptoms than only can treat the problem, and knowing the causes can avoid them in future. Normal symptoms for headache are feeling depressed. Other common symptoms are ache in the forehead, above the eyes. Blurring of the vision and feeling confused and lost in ideas are also the symptoms. Some of the major causes of headaches are due to emotional stress, depression or tension. At times allergies or eyestrain also become its causes. Considering some serious problem like low or high blood pressure or change in sugar levels of the body also contributes to the headache. Depending on person-to-person sudden climatic change to extreme cold or extreme hot can also cause headache. Constipation and nutrition deficiency can also lead to headache. Brain aneurysm, cat scratch disease, chronic cough, lupus melas syndrome, sinus infections, hypoglycemia, glaucoma are some of the causes of the secondary headaches.

Knowing the symptoms and causes is not sufficient, one should have the knowledge regarding its treatment also. The best thing one can remember about headache cure is that live a stress free life, as such no medicine is required if the headache is nominal. Proper sleep and a regular check on the nutritious diet are must to avoid headache. Avoiding drugs, alcohol and smoking is also a remedy. Exercises and meditating can be considered the best of all medicines. Painkillers such as para-acetamol, aspirin, Ibufen are the common ones taken to cure severe headache. Many people find it better to handle the headache with techniques like the acupuncture, biofeedback or the hypnosis.



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Chronic tension headaches are a serious ailment that can detract from enjoyment of daily life. Daily activities can be painfully interrupted by the sudden occurence of a tension headache. Chronic tension headaches are known to cause depression in some. It is important that chronic tension headaches be treated as soon as possible. Fortunately, the medical community is very experienced with the problem of chronic tension headache, and has several avenues of treatment available for sufferers. In fact, headaches are actually divided into three individual categories.

 

The majority of headaches suffered are put into what is known as the primary category. A primary headache is frequently brought on by emotional or physical stress, and is the most common form of headache by far. Primary headaches are almost never life threatening, but they can bring serious pain with them. This pain can hamper everyday enjoyment of life, making even basic functioning difficult. Although the actual causes of chronic tension headache are still unknown, it is widely held that the symptoms can be traced to a tightening of muscles around the skull. This tightening can be initially identified as a band like feeling just above the eyes that gradually grows into a painful sensation.

 

Cluster and secondary headaches are a far rarer form of headache that occurs to small portion of the population. To treat this kind of headache, the attention of a specialist is most likely required. Cluster headaches are easily identifiable by the amount of pain they cause. Patients frequently describe cluster headaches as like having an icepick driven into the eye. Treatment includes powerful sedatives and pain medications. Secondary headaches usually indicate some other issue that is at work.

 

Chronic tension headaches should be approached from a stress management point of view. Physical and emotional stress are both known to trigger chronic tension headache. Circumstances that trigger significant emotional stress can easily lead to chronic tension headaches. Prolonged physical stress is another potential cause of chronic tension headaches. Steps to manage both kinds of stress are necessary to bring the problem under control. If these steps do not succeed, then further treatment with more powerful pain medications may be necessary. Chronic tension headaches that do not abate should be a signal to see a doctor.

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 Headache medicine is commonly prescribed to treat the pain frequently attributed to tension and stress headaches. These headaches can become a frequent problem for some patients, striking seemingly at random and seriously impairing quality of life. In some cases, headaches become a very real impediment to daily functioning. It is important to treat these headaches promptly, in order to bring quality of life back up to normal levels.

Over the counter medications such as ibuprofen, aleve, and acetaminaphen can do a great deal to alleviate headache pain. In some situations, more powerful headache medicine may be required in order to resolve the problem. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs can typically help in a significant fashion to reduce headache pain, but sometimes more powerful medicines may be required. Triptans are a family of medications prescribed for serious pain, and are usually prescribed to sufferers of migraine headaches. Hormonal headaches are another serious cause of heavy headache pain. This kind of headache is due to shifting levels of hormone production, and are difficult to prevent. Regular NSAID over the counter medication can also treat this variety of headache fairly effectively.

Sinus problems are another potential source of severe headache pain. Under these circumstances, sinus pressure building behind the nasal cavity can trigger intense pain. In severe cases, the nasal cavity becomes the site of an infection. When this happens, the pain can be quite severe. A persistent pain behind the eyes is a good sign of such an infection, as is any swelling or blood discharge from the nose. Decongestants, nasal sprays, and antibiotics are all powerful measures against a sinus headache, and may be necessary headache medicine.

In addition to headache medicine, preventative treatment is crucial. Primary headaches are by far the most typical kind of headache, and occur due to added tension or stress, either physical or emotional. Stress management can be an effective way to treat headaches, thereby preventing them from occuring. Stress and tension headaches commonly begin as a feeling of tightness behind the eyes. This can act as a definite signal to take preventative measures. Regular anti-inflammatories can be an effective headache medicine for the common primary headache. Further treatment can include biofeedback, or massage therapy.

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